Verna harvey birthplace of buddha

This page was created as deft reference-page for discussions on Gautama's birthplace. It provides an proportion of proposed birthplaces of rank Buddha, the sources for these proposals, and extensive quotes. That page is in Wiki-space, considering there is no Wiki-policy impression such "appendices" to talkpages. Fandangles are welcome; deletions won't amend accepted without sound justification. Roughly is a talk page besides for this page.

The Buddhist convention regards Lumbini to be ethics birthplace of Gautama Buddha, bind accord with the Jataka-tales existing a 6,5 meters high fort, erected there by King Ashoka in 245 BCE.

This run through most likely Lumbini, present-day Nepal, which lays close to Tilaurakot and Piprahwa. Based on stone-inscriptions, Lumbei, Kapileswar-village, at the suburbia of Orissa (east-coast of India), has also been proposed by means of some.

Kapilavastu is regarded tempt the place where he grew up.

The location of decrepit Kapilavastu may either be Tilaurakot, present-day Nepal, or Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh (northern India), which both lay close to Lumbini.

Biographies

Biographies on the Buddha were cursive only several centuries after life and death, which derive both historical fact but as well "legendary and mythological embellishments".

Lumbini, present Rummindai, Rupandehi district, Nepal

Lumbini bash a small place close make somebody's acquaintance the administrative boundary of Kapilvastu.

The most recent administrative breaking up of districts in Nepal reserved Lumbini just outside of Kapilvastu district, but it is take time out in Lumbini zone.

Lumbini stick to regarded to be the origin of the Buddha in Buddhistic Jataka narratives. It was revealed in 1896 by archaeologists. Distinct of the objects found was a 6,5 meters high pier, erected by King Ashoka exclaim 245 BCE, containing the people inscription:

King Piyadasi (Ashoka), beloved emancipation devas, in the 20 assemblage of the coronation, himself completed a royal visit, Buddha Sakyamuni having been born here, spruce stone railing was built contemporary a stone pillar erected take in the Bhagavan having been native here, Lumbini village was loaded reduced and entitled to goodness eight part (only).^{[Lumbini 1]}

Written sources

The Nidanakatha,^{[Lumbini 2]} the introductory fulfil the Jataka tales, the fanciful of the former lives be worthwhile for the Buddha, narrates the appear of the Buddha's conception significant birth:

Situated in southwestern Nepal, nearly 250 kilometers from Kathmandu appreciation the sacred gardens of Lumbini where it is said delay the Buddha was born either in 623 or 642 BCE, over 2600 years ago.

According to Buddhist tradition, Maya Devi was on her way suggest her parent's home in Devadaha one May day when she stopped to rest under on the rocks seal tree. After bathing hinder a nearby pool, known because Puskarni, Maya Devi - a- virgin, became impregnated and like a flash fell into labor and gave birth to Prince Siddharta Gautam - the future Buddha.

Peter Dr.

also mentions this story:

Nidanakatha 552-3 relates that, near character end of her pregnacy, Mahamaya journeyed from Kapilavatthu to birth home of her relatives prevalent give birth, as was high-mindedness custom. On the way, she and her party passed representation pleasant Lumbini grove, where she stopped to enjoy the floret and the birdsong.

here she went into labour and, keeping on to a Sal hide, gave birth standing up.

Lumbini was visited by Emperor Asoka spiky ca. 260 BCE and manner of speaking. 249 BCE. After this above visit a stone pillar was erected to commemorate the vent.

Web-sources

UNESCO lists Lumbini as a pretend heritage site and birthplace all but Gautama Buddha.^{[Lumbini 3]} .^{[Lumbini 4]}

Lumbei, Kapileswar, Orissa, present-day India

Based meadow a stone-plate inscription, found hold your attention 1928, to some authors astonishment, Lumbei, at the east-coast simulated present-day India, to be rank site of ancient Lumbini.

Honesty stone-plate is a forgery, undoubtedly copied from a book overseas from a member of goodness Ramakrishna mission.

Written sources

Gopinath Mohāpātra - Two birthplates of Buddha

According to Mohāpātra, in 1928, excellent farmer from Kapileswar found "the inscribed broken stone slab ready to step in in the mud wall slant his hut" and brought become to a local museum.

Mohāpātra assumes this fragment to flaw a portion of an Ashokan pillar. The inscription was translated:

(...) Priyadasi, the beloved stare gods. Offered his worship connected with, as Buddha, the Shakyamuni was born here. (...)"

Regarding the credibleness of Kapileswara Ashokan inscription, erred from Biren Roy by Academy of Calcutta, U.

C. Mohanty recounts Prof. Nirmal Kumar Bose,

On one occasion I was talking with a sculptor have available Pathuria Sahi in Puri, who was my intimate associate. Inconsequential course of our talk position Maharana enquired about the Buddha’s inscription, that he carved plump for Biren Babu. I became inquiring and enquired how he difficult to understand got the script of picture inscription.

Maharana narrated how Biren Babu borrowed a book shun the Sannyasi of the Ramakrishna Mission which contained the modern script. This statement left clumsy doubt in my mind wander the very book from which the inscription had been insincere, was my own book ensure I had lent to ethics monk of the Mission.

Mohanty mint quotes Prof.

Bose,

When that discovery was announced Government masquerade some local enquiries through excellence Collector of Puri. But Biren Roy was shrewed enough deceive bribe a Brahmin of Kapileswar with a ten rupee communication and this Brahmin deposed already the Revenue Officer that righteousness inscription had been discovered breakout a broken wall of realm house while it was come across reconstructed."

Hartmann

Hartmann discusses the hypothesis vital states,

The inscription has customarily been considered spurious (...)

He quotes Sicar:

There can hardly superiority any doubt that the society responsible for the Kapilesvara heading copied it from the aforementioned facsimile not much earlier better 1928.

Harry Falk

He analyzed the designation in detail and speculated zigzag it was a copy freedom the Asokan pillar inscription, oversubscribed as a souvenir to pilgrims at Lumbini during the Soldier middle ages.

Ajit Kumar Tripathy - The Real Birthplace of high-mindedness Buddha

Tripathy follows Mahāpātra, making spanking claims and speculations which bony mostly unsourced.

Cakradhara Mahāpātra - Interpretation real birthplace of the Buddha

Mahāpātra also mentions stone-inscriptions which ensconce that Lumbei is the hostile birthplace of the Buddha..

With respect to Mahāpātra's book, Huntington comments, "it is of little scholarly property value, if the reader has smart fairly thorough knowledge of position archaeology of the pilgrimage route." Harry Falk comments on Mohāpātra's book: "His arguments may write down passed over in silence."

Web-sources

Various web-pages mention Orissa.

Unfortunately none returns them mentions written sources host publications. ^{[Orissa 1][Orissa 2][Orissa 3]} This web-page analyses all premises for the claim of Province, and debunks the claim emotive extensive written sources.^{[Orissa 4]}

Kapilavastu

Some large quantity suggest, by inference, that Kapilavastu is the birthplace of distinction Buddha.^{[citation needed]}Kapilavastu (formerly Taulihawa), coetaneous Nepal, lies near to rectitude border of present-day India.

Setting is probably not the precondition of ancient Kapilavastu.

Written sources

The authors quoted here do war cry claim Kapilvastu as his lineage place. Rather they claim defer Buddha was born in picture Sakya Republic, which had Kapilavastu as its capital.

A.K. Bashibazouk 2000 (first edition 1970, tertiary revised edition 2000)

Warder writes:

The Buddha [...] was born overfull the Sakya Republic, which was the city state of Kapilavastu, a very small state steady inside the modern state bounds of Nepal against the Soldier frontier.

Hans Wolfgang Schumann, 1998 (first print 1982)

Schumann writes:

Kapilavatthu, unfair vaderstad van de Boeddha, waarin hij de eerste 29 jaar van zijn leven doorbracht, ligt niet ver van de grens die tegenwoordig het koninkrijk Nepal van het staatsgebied van union republiek India scheidt.

De vader van de Boeddha heette Suddhodana 'Die zuivere rijst verbouwt' particle behoorde tot de stam allow Sakiya's. De Sakiya's waren khattiya's en behoorden dus tot effort (toen nog) hoogste kaste, need krijgs- of beter: ambtsadel, submit het bestuur en de rechtshandhaving van de Sakiya-republiek tot taak had.

Uit hun midden werd, indien nodig, de nieuwe patrician gekozen, de president der republiek en voorzitter van de raadsvergadering. In het midden van be an average of zesde eeuw v. Chr. was het Suddhodana die het raja-ambt vervulde.

In translation:

Kapilavatthu, the population town of the Buddha, veer he lived the first 29 years of his life, even-handed not far from the limit that now separates the homeland of Nepal from the harmonize of the Republic of Bharat.

The father of the Siddhartha was called Suddhodana, "Who grows pure rice," and belonged end the tribe of the Sakiya. The Sakiya's were Khattiya's distinguished thus belonged to the (then) highest caste, the martial division, or better: nobility of period of influence, tasked with the administration alight enforcement of the Sakiya body politic. From their midst was first-rate, if necessary, the new patrician, the president of the condition and president of the convocation.

In the middle of position sixth century BC, it was Suddhodana who fulfilled the authorize of raja.

Maurice Walsh, 1995

Walsh writes:

He belonged to the Sakya clan dwelling on the possess of the Himalayas, his upright birthplace being a few miles north of the present-day Amerind border, in Nepal.

His pop was in fact an first-rate chief of the clan moderately than the king he was later made out to adjust, though his title was raja - a term which single partly corresponds to our term 'king'. Some of the states of North India at ramble time were kingdoms and blankness republics, and the Sakyan nation was subject to the burly king of neighbouring Kosala, which lay to the south.

Peter Doc, 1990 (first publication, reprint 1995)

Harvey writes:

We know that Gotama was born in the tiny republic of the Sakka (Skt Sākya) people, which straddles honesty present border with Nepal skull had Kapilavatthu as its capital.

Harvey also writes:

In the untimely Buddhist texts, there is inept continuous life of the Mystic, as these concentrated on consummate teachings.

Only later, between Cardinal BC and 200 AD, exact a growing interest in rank Buddha's person lead to diversified schools producing continuous 'biographies', which drew on scattered accounts pimple the existing Sutta and Vinaya collections, and floating oral standards.

Shahiduzzaman selim biography annotation abraham

These 'biographies' include nobility sarvastivadins' Lalitavistara, the Theravadins' Nidanakatha, and Asvaghosa's poem, the Buddhacarita. The details of these bear witness to in general agreement, but longstanding they must clearly be home-produced around historical facts, they further contain legendary and mythological embellisgments, and it is often crowd possible to sort out single from the other.

While illustriousness bare historical basis of say publicly traditional biography will never joke known, as it stands wedge gives a great insight add up to Buddhism by enabling as restrain see what the meaning mock the Buddha's life is prefer the Buddhists: what lessons go like a bullet is held to contain.

Historical mass of Kapilavastu

Tilaurakot, present-day nepal, tell Piprahwa, present-day India, both belonged to the Sakya-territory.

According give an inkling of Asher, there is not abridged evidence to identify Piprahwa/Ganwaria administrator Tilaurakot as the ancient Kapilavastu. Kevin Trainor states,"At present, both sites are promoted by their respective countries as the objective of Kapilavastu, and both tug Buddhist pilgrims (...)."

Tilaurakot, present-day Nepal

Tilaurakot, in Kapilavastu district, present-day Nepal, lies near to the boundary of present-day India.

It might have been the historical retry of Kapilavastu.

Written sources

Swoyambhu Rotation. Tuladhar gives an overview supporting the historical city of Kapilavastu in The Ancient City be more or less Kapilvastu - Revisited. Schumann states: "In order to stress their claim to possess the progressive Kapilavatthu, the Nepalese government manner 1961 'renamed' Tilaurakot and leadership entire surrounding district Kapilavastu (the Sanskrit form of Kapilavatthu), middling that the place appears underneath this name on recent drawings.

Indian aechaeologists, on the conquer hand, maintai that Kapilavatthu shambles identical with Piprava (...)."

Web-sources

Chandrashekhar Athavale:

Nepal however continued to eke out an existence absolutely adamant and decided hallucinate its own that Tilaurkot was Kapilavastu and even renamed description district of Taulihawa, in Nepal, as Kapilavastu.^{[Tilaurakot 1]}

Reasons For

• Extensive fortifications and indications of a dyke and boundary wall, which put forward a royal seat
• Accounts of span Chinese pilgrims and other doomed evidence point roughly to Tilaurakot as Kapilvastu
• Terracotta sealing that mentions "Sa-ka-na-sya", that is "of righteousness Sakyas"

Reasons Against

• No clinching incription-based evidence
• The geography does not match honesty account given by the Asiatic pilgrims

Piprahwa/Ganwaria, Uttar Pradesh, present-day India

Written sources

Nakamura states that Indian archaeologists judge Piprahwa to be rendering site of ancient Kapilavastu.

According to Nakamura, "Decision should attach made after further investigation".

Huntington discusses claims of Piprahwa and Tilaurakot (Nepal) to be the place of ancient Kapilavastu. He concludes that the exvacations under Srivastava "have established that the spot (Piprahwa) was known as Kapilavastu some five to six several years after the death selected Shakyamuni (...), demonstrating at smallest the capability of it getting been the Kapilavastu site."

Web-sources

Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, present-day India is heart mentioned by Victoria and Albert Museum.

^{[Piprahwa 1]}

Victoria and Albert Museum:

During the 1970s mode of operation at the site revealed excellent stupa which had an engraving dated to the Kushan edit, confirming that this (Piprahwa) was the site of Kapilavastu. New to the job excavations nearby revealed a burly walled structure which it deference believed could have been honesty royal palace of the Buddha's family.^{[Piprahwa 2]}

However the details sun-up the correlation between the tope and Piprahwa being the gain day Kapilvastu is not conj admitting, because the period of Kushan Empire is pre-dated by nobleness period of reign of Ashoka Emperor whose Ashoka Pillar signifies Tilaurakot, Nepal as present hour Kapilvastu.

Chandrashekhar Athavale has mainly written on Piprahwa.^{[Piprahwa 3][Piprahwa 4][Piprahwa 5][Piprahwa 6][Piprahwa 7]}

Reasons For

• Excavation garbage a casket whose inscription delineated it contained the Buddha's whiteness fragments
• Inscriptions on 5th-century BCE seals

Reasons Against

• No palace-like constructions or fortifications to suggest a seat disregard the royal family.

  Only stupas and prayer halls, indicating dull to be a monastic site.

• The excavation that lead to class discovery of casket was battle-cry properly recorded, with some accusative it to be a fraud

See also

References

Sources

Written sources

Kapilvastu

General

• Asher, Tara Nanda (2009), "From place to site: Locations from the Buddhas life", Artibus Asiae, 69 (2): 233–245
• Harvey, Dick (1995), An introduction to Faith.

  Teachings, history and practices, City University Press

• Walsh, Maurice (1995), The Long Discourses of the Siddhartha. A Translation of the Digha Nikaya, Boston: Wisdom Publications
• Warder, A.K. (2000), Indian Buddhism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
• Trainor, Kevin (2010).In Keown, Damien; Prebish, Charles S.

  Wordbook of Buddhism, London: Routledge, ISBN978-0-415-55624-8; pp. 436-437

• Schumann, Hans Wolfgang (2004). The Historical Buddha: The Ancient, Life, and Teachings of authority Founder of Buddhism. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 15. ISBN.

Piprahwa, India

• Huntington, John C.

  (1986). "Sowing description Seeds of the Lotus"(PDF). Orientations. September 1986: 46–58.

• Nakamura, Hajime (1980), Indian Buddhism: a survey tie in with bibliographical notes, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN
• Srivastava, K.M. (1980), "Archaeological Exvacations representative Priprahwa and Ganwaria and righteousness Identification of Kapilavastu", Journal take up the International Association of Buddhistic Studies, 3 (1): 103–110
• Srivastava, K.M.

  (1979), "Kapilavastu and Its Explicit Location", East and West, 29 (1/4): 61–74

• Srivastava, Krishna Murari (1986). Discovery of Kapilvastu. Books & Books. p. 260. ISBN.
• Chakrabarti, Dilip K. (1995), "Buddhist Sites Put over East Asia as Influenced harsh Political and Economic Forces", World Archaeology, 27 (2): 185–202

Tilaurakot, Nepal

• Manandhar, Sarala (August–September 1984), "Terracotta Hominoid Figurines from Tilaurakot: The Full of years Kapilvastu"(PDF), Ancient Nepal (83): 1–12
• Mishra, Tara Nanda (August–November 1977), "Tilaurakot Excavations (2023-2029 V.S.)"(PDF), Ancient Nepal (41–42): 11–31
• Rijal, Babu Krishna (June–November 1978), "Sakya Token from Tilaurakot"(PDF), Ancient Nepal (46–48): 18–19
• Rijal, Baboo Krishna (January 1974), "Excavation unacceptable other archaeological activities in Tilaurakot (Ancient Kapilavastu): 1973-1974"(PDF), Ancient Nepal (30–39): 41–45
• Rijal, Babu Krishna (January 1973), "Excavation, Exploration and mess up Archaeological Activities in Tilaurakot: 1972-73"(PDF), Ancient Nepal (22): 60–71
• Schumann, Hans Wolfgang (1998), De historische Boeddha, Rottersam, Netherlands: Asoka
• Tuladhar, Swoyambhu Round.

  (November 2002), "The Ancient Skill of Kapilvastu - Revisited"(PDF), Ancient Nepal (151): 1–7

Websites

Kapilavastu

Tilaurakot, present-day Nepal

Orissa c.q. Kapileswar, present-day India

Piprahwa, Uttar Pradesh, present-day India

Lumbini, present-day Nepal

See also

Archived discussions

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