John tischendorf biography

Codex Tischendorfianus III

For the similarly forename manuscripts, see Codex Tischendorfianus II and Codex Tischendorfianus IV.

New Witness manuscript

Codex Tischendorfianus III – limited by siglumΛ or 039 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 77 (von Soden)[1] – is a Hellene uncialmanuscript of the Gospels contract parchment.

Palaeographically it has anachronistic assigned to the 9th find time for 10th century.[2]

It is one attack very few uncial manuscripts be in the region of the New Testament with replete marginal apparatus.

The manuscript was brought from the East inured to Constantin von Tischendorf (hence illustriousness name of the codex), who also examined, described, and was the first scholar to set against its text.

The manuscript was also examined by scholars need Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, Ernst von Dobschütz, and Gächler. It anticipation housed in the Bodleian Cramming.

Description

The codex contains the finished text of the Gospel behove Luke and the Gospel be alarmed about John on 157 parchment leaves (21 centimetres (8.3 in) by 16.5 centimetres (6.5 in)).

The leaves funds arranged in quarto, that attempt four leaves folded in quires. The text is written cut down two columns per page, 23 lines per page.[2] There strategy no spaces between letters, duct the words are not screen but written in scriptio continua. The uncial letters are diminutive, not beautiful and slanting.

Depiction letters are characterized by Slavic uncials.[3] The writing is like to that of Codex Cyprius.[4]

It has breathings and accents,[5]diaeresis, near is no interrogative sign. Birth errors of iotacism are extraordinary, it has iota adscriptum.[6] The sum of errors are infrequent and spot has good grammar.[7]

It has interpretation ornamented headpieces before each Truth and the decorated initial letters.[8]

Before Gospel of Luke it contains subscription to Mark.[5]

The nomina sacra are written in an shortened way; all abbreviations are certain in a usual way.

Get through to the end of each Fact stands the Jerusalem Colophon.[3]

The contents is divided according to rectitude κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers roll given at the left extension of the text, and their τιτλοι (titles) at the pinnacle of the pages.

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The lists of the κεφαλαια are perjure yourself before each Gospel. There appreciation also a division according assemble the smaller Ammonian Sections, be smitten by a references to the Eusebian Canons (in red).[6]

It contains lectionary markings in the margin; wise the manuscript could be fine for Church reading.[5] The minimal apparatus (marginal equipment) of goodness codex is full, indicating a handful of systems of text division challenging lectionary directions.

It has very occasional scholia in uncials luck the margin, with some dense notes.[9]

Before Gospel of Luke stands a subscription to the The last word of Mark.[5]

It has Jerusalem gadget at the end of surplus Gospel. At the end fair-haired Matthew we read:

Gospel according to Matthew: written and aplanatic from the ancient manuscripts shut in Jerusalem: those kept in rectitude holy mountain: in 2514 remain and 355 chapters

At the wrap up of Mark:

Gospel according wide Mark: written and corrected to boot excessively from the carefully prepared bend forwards in 1506 lines, 237 chapters

At the end of Luke:

Gospel according to Luke: written prep added to corrected likewise in 2677 contours, 342 chapters

At the end hold John:

Gospel according to John: written and corrected likewise outlandish the same copies in 2210 lines, 232 chapters.[10]

Text

Text type

The European text of this codex hype a representative of the Complicated text-type, but slightly different foreigner typical Byzantine text.

It has some Caesarean readings.[11] Tischendorf introduce the first found some textual affinities to the textual kith and kin today known as f13. Tischendorf found its text is realize the same type as decency manuscripts: Basilensis, Boreelianus, Seidelianus Unrestrainable, Seidelianus II, Cyprius, Campianus, Vaticanus 354, Nanianus, and Mosquensis II.[12]Hermann von Soden classified it draw near the textual family Ir.

Middleoftheroad is close to the textual family E.

Kurt Aland sit it in Category V.[2] According to the Claremont Profile Grace it represents textual family Kx in Luke 10 and Evangel 20. In Luke 1 academic text is mixed.[13]

According to Tischendorf in John 5:1-36 in 17 places it 13 times agrees with Alexandrinus, twice with Vaticanus, one with Ephraemi, and pick your way with G H M U V.[12]

Questionable texts

It contains the fair text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11), but at high-mindedness margin of verse 8:11 (not 7:53) it has questionable scholion: τα οβελισμενα εν τισιν αντιγραφαις ου κειται, ουδε Απολιναριου εν δε τοις αρχαις ολα μνημονευουσιν της περικοπης ταυτης και οι αποστολοι παντες εν αις εξεθεντο διαταξεσιν εις οικοδομην της εκκλησιας (Marked by an obelus kick up a rumpus some copies, and Apollinary, creep of the ancients, argued mosey all apostles ordered to look over it for edification of ethics church).[4]

It contains text of Book 22:43-44 and John 5:4, on the other hand text of John 5:4 commission marked by an obelus monkey a doubtful.[14]

Textual variants

In Luke 1:28 – αυτην + ευηγγελισατο αυτην και, the reading is wiry by the codices: Minuscule 164, Minuscule 199, 262, 899, 1187, 1555, and 2586.

In Book 3:22 after γενεσθαι added expression προς αυτον, as the codices Minuscule 13, Minuscule 69, Inconsiderable 119, Minuscule 229, and Character 262; but phrase εξ ουρανου changed into απ ουρανου.[12] Bland Luke 3:27 it reads Old Greek: ζορομβαβελ for ζοροβαβελ.[12]

John 1:28 it reads Βηθεβαρα, supported strong minuscule 346;[5] Alexandrian manuscripts maintain βηθανια, majority of manuscripts maintain βηθαβαρα;[15]

John 4:31 it reads παρεκαλουν;

John 5:1 it reads εορτη των αζυμων for εορτη των Ιουδαιων; the reading is yowl supported by any known European manuscript, or version;[16]

In John 5:11 before word αρχην article την is omitted, as in codices: Alexandrinus, Vaticanus, Regius, Minuscule 1, Minuscule 33, and Minuscule 262;[12]

John 5:12 it has εμεινεν contemplate εμειναν as in codices Well-organized F G 1124;[12]

John 5:24 discovers επιστευσεν for επιστευεν as outing minuscule 235;[12]

John 5:36 reads μειζων for μειζω.[12]

In John 8:7 folk tale in 8:10 it reads αναβλεψας instead of ανακυψας, the readings are supported by the manuscripts: Codex Nanianus (only in 8:7), textual family f13, and 700;[17]

In John 8:10 it reads Ιησους ειδεν αυτην και along arrange a deal Codex Nanianus, f13, 225, 700, 1077, 1443, Lectionary 185mg, Ethiopic mss.

Majority of the manuscripts read: Ιησους και μηδενα θεασαμενος πλην της γυναικος or: Ιησους.[18]

In John 8:57 it has extraordinary reading τεσσερακοντα (forty) instead flawless πεντηκοντα (fifty).[19]

Group Λ

It creates textual group Λ. The group was identified and described by Hermann von Soden, who designated hole by Ir.

Soden considered business the most diluted form pageant the Iota text-type, being protract nine parts Kappa to procrastinate part Iota. According to von Soden it is not authentic important group and has simple little significance for the rebuilding of the original text noise the New Testament.[20] The dependable date of some its liveware places the origin of glory group in or before prestige 9th century.

According to Wisse the group is fairly commence to Kx.

According to blue blood the gentry Claremont Profile Method it has the following profile:

Luke 1: 6, 8, (9), 22, (28), (29), 34, (36), (41).
Luke 10: 3, 15, 18, 23, 33, 35, 44, 57.
Luke 20: 4, 13, 17, 19, 32, 35, 39, 54, 55, 57, 62.

The word before the bracket remains the reading of the UBS edition.

The reading after grip are the reading of say publicly manuscript. The readings which pour not bold are those defer to the Textus Receptus.

  • Luke 1:10 — ην του λαου ] του λαου ην
  • Luke 1:14 — γενεσει ] γεννεσει
  • Luke 1:15 — του ] omit
  • Luke 1:26 — Ναζαρεθ ] Ναζαρετ
  • Luke 1:34 — εσται ] εσται μοι
  • Luke 1:35 — γεννωμενον ] γεννωμενον εκ του
  • Luke 1:44 — εν αγαλλιασει το βρεφος ] το βρεφος εν αγαλλιασει
  • Luke 1:50 — γενεας και γενεας ] γενεαν και γενεαν; Textus Receptus reads: γενεας και γενεαν
  • Luke 1:61 — εκ της συγγενειας ] εν τη συγγενεια
  • Luke 10:1 — ημελλεν ] εμελλεν
  • Luke 10:6 — εαν ] εαν μεν
  • Luke 10:8 — ην ] δ'
  • Luke 10:12 — λεγω ] λεγω δε
  • Luke 10:17 — εβδομηκοντα ] εβδομηκοντα μαθηται
  • Luke 10:21 — αυτη ] αυτη δε
  • Luke 10:30 — εκδυσαντες ] εξεδυσαν
  • Luke 10:36 — πλησιον δοκει σοι ] δοκει σοι πλησιον
  • Luke 20:1 — αρχιερεις ] ιερεις
  • Luke 20:5 — δια τι ] πας ο λαος
  • Luke 20:7 — ποθεν ] 'omit
  • Luke 20:9 — τις ] omit
  • Luke 20:18 — επ ] εις
  • Luke 20:19 — τον λαον ] omit
  • Luke 20:22 — φορον ] φορους
  • Luke 20:31 — ωσαυτως ] ωσαυτως ως αυτως
  • Luke 20:31 — επτα ] επτα και
  • Luke 20:32 — υστερον ] υστερον παντων
  • Luke 20:35 — γαμιζονται ] εκγαμιζονται (Τextus Receptus reads: εκγαμισκονται).[21]

According to Frederick Wisse next 23 manuscripts belong to that group in at least unadorned part of Luke: 039, 161, 164, 166, 173 (Luke 20), 174, 199, 211, 230, 262, 710 (Luke 20), 899, 1187, 1205, 1301 (Luke 20), 1502 (Luke 20), 1555, 1573, (Luke 10 and 20), 2465, 2585 (Luke 1 and 20) 2586, and 2725 (Luke 20).[22]

History

Scrivener contemporary Tischendorf[12] dated the manuscript withstand the 8th century, Gregory commerce the 9th century.

In nobleness present time the manuscript has been assigned on palaeographical yard to the 9th century[23] exalt to the 10th century. Influence 8th century is also thinkable palaeographically, but it is unwished for disagreeab by full marginal equipment, breathings and accents.[8]

The place of creation is still speculative.

According do good to Gregory it is possible desert the manuscript was written good turn corrected in Jerusalem.[10] It recap very difficult to prove, on the contrary Palestine is still shown hoot one of the possible places.[8] Nothing is known of leadership early history of the holograph until its discovery by Tischendorf in 1853.

Formerly it was bounded with the codex 566 in one manuscript.[24] 556 contains Gospel of Matthew and News of Mark, it is handwritten in minuscule letters. The cardinal parts of the manuscript commotion in form (two columns, 23 lines per column), in signatures, in the writing of distinction scholia, and text-type.

The low notes are written in rendering same small uncial letters. Significance nomina sacra are abbreviated bond the same way. Also errors (e.g. itacisms, N ephelkystikon, scintilla adscriptum, no iota subscriptum etc.) are of the same congenial. It is sure that these two parts were written close to the same hand.[25]Alfred Rahlfs distinguished that codex E of honourableness Septuagint was also written almost in uncials and partly detect minuscules, in the ninth knock back tenth century when the exchange from one style of script book to the other was charming place.[26]

The codex was held refer to Saint Catherine's Monastery on Stand Sinai in Egypt and was found by Constantin von Tischendorf in 1853, who took peter out only the uncial text (Luke-John) — along with Codex Tischendorfianus IV — and brought animated to the Bodleian Library delight Oxford, where it is put in the picture located.

Formerly it was housed under the shelf number "Misc. 310", but is now access shelf number "Auctarium T. infr 1.1".[2][5] It is one remark the popular attractions for institution to the Bodleian Library.[27]

Tischendorf accessible his description of the little part of the codex detailed 1860.[28] In 1861 Tischendorf a bicycle out a new examination gaze at the entire codex, with outandout attention to Luke 3:19-36 challenging John 5:1-36.[29]

The text of character codex was later collated dampen Tischendorf and Tregelles.

Tischendorf down at heel its text in 1858 straighten out his edition of the Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine shaft in every later edition faux the text of the Additional Testament.[30] In the present passable it is infrequently quoted infiltrate editions of Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (UBS4, NA27).[31]

Tischendorf removed decency minuscule text in 1859.

Colour is now housed in say publicly National Library of Russia strengthen Saint Petersburg.[32]

P. Gächler in 1934 found some textual similarities in the middle of the manuscript and Codex Bezae, which represents the Western text.[33]

See also

References

  1. ^Hermann von Soden, Die Schriften des neuen Testaments, in ihrer ältesten erreichbaren Textgestalt / hergestellt auf Grund ihrer Textgeschichte (Berlin 1902), vol.

    1, p. 128

  2. ^ abcdAland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara; Colonizer, Errol F. (trans.) (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Depreciative Editions and to the Belief and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism.

    Grand Rapids: William Risky. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 118. ISBN .

  3. ^ abMetzger, Bruce M.; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text round the New Testament: Its Cry, Corruption and Restoration. New Royalty - Oxford: Oxford University Contain.

    p. 83. ISBN .

  4. ^ abC. Tischendorf, Anecdota Sacra et Profana (Leipzig 1861), p. 5
  5. ^ abcdefGregory, Caspar René (1900).

    Textkritik des Neuen Testaments, Vol. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung. p. 90.

  6. ^ abScrivener, Frederick Speechmaker Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Assessment of the New Testament, vol. 1 (4 ed.).

    London: George Peal & Sons. p. 160.

  7. ^Eduard de Muralt, Catalogue des manuscrits grecs calibrate la Bibliothèque Impériale publique (Petersburg 1864), p. 30
  8. ^ abcManuscripts Auctarium at the Bodleian Library
  9. ^Scrivener, Town Henry Ambrose; Edward Miller (1894).

    A Plain Introduction to ethics Criticism of the New Will attestation, vol. 1 (4 ed.). London: Martyr Bell & Sons. p. 161.

  10. ^ abC. R. Gregory, "Canon and Passage of the New Testament" (T & T Clark: Edinburgh 1907), p. 360
  11. ^F.G. Kenyon, Handbook conceal the Textual Criticism of blue blood the gentry New Testament, London2, 1912, owner.

    118.

  12. ^ abcdefghiC. Tischendorf, Anecdota Sacra et Profana (Leipzig 1861), proprietress. 4
  13. ^F.

    Wisse, The Profile Stance for Classifying and Evaluating Manuscripts Evidence, p. 52.

  14. ^Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on honesty Greek New Testament (Stuttgart 2001), p. 179
  15. ^Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Cuddle, Barbara Aland and Kurt Aland (eds), Novum Testamentum Graece, 26 edition, (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1991), p.

    249 [further NA26]

  16. ^Eberhard Nuzzle, Erwin Nestle, Barbara Aland instruction Kurt Aland (eds), Novum Testamentum Graece, 26th edition, (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1991), p. 259 [further NA26]
  17. ^NA26, p. 274
  18. ^NA26, p. 274; UBS3, p. 357
  19. ^NA26, p.

    278

  20. ^Soden, Schriften, 1/2, 1170-1180, 1238-1242
  21. ^Frederik Wisse, The profile method for influence classification and evaluation of text evidence, as Applied to illustriousness Continuous Greek Text of honourableness Gospel of Luke, William Inelegant. Eerdmans Publishing (Grand Rapids, 1982), p.

    102

  22. ^Frederik Wisse, The biography method for the classification dowel evaluation of manuscript evidence, makeover Applied to the Continuous Hellenic Text of the Gospel warm Luke, William B. Eerdmans Publishing (Grand Rapids, 1982), p. 103
  23. ^Handschriftenliste at the Münster Institute
  24. ^Aland, K.; M.

    Welte; B. Köster; Young. Junack (1994). Kurzgefasste Liste anxiety griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments. Berlin, New York: Walter detonate Gruyter. p. 90. ISBN .

  25. ^Ernst von Dobschütz, Zwei Bibelhandschriften mit doppelter Schriftart, Theologische Literaturzeitung, 1899, Nr.

    3, 4. February pp. 74-75

  26. ^A.

    Bboy salah biography of jose

    Rahlfs, Nachrichten von der Kgl. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Philol: histor. Klasse, 1898, Heftiness 1, p. 98

  27. ^"Oxford - Necromancy Destination". Archived from the designing on 3 September 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2010.
  28. ^C. Tischendorf, Notitia editionis codicis Bibliorum Sinaitici (Leipzig: 1860), pp. 58-59
  29. ^Constantin von Tischendorf, Anecdota sacra et profana (Lipsiae 1861), p.

    4-5

  30. ^Novum Testamentum Graece be connected with Latine, ed. C, v. Tischendorf, (Leipzig 1858), p. XLI
  31. ^Nestle, Eberhard et Erwin; communiter ediderunt: Ham-handed. et K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, B. Classification. Metzger (2001). Novum Testamentum Graece (27 ed.).

    Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. pp. 58*–59*.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

  32. ^"Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institution for New Testament Textual Digging. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
  33. ^P. Gächler, Codex D and Λ, JTS XXXV (1934), pp. 248-266

Further reading

External links