Lok nayak jayaprakash narayan biography books

Jayaprakash Narayan

Indian independence activist (–)

"Loknayak" redirects here. For the Indian coating about him, see Loknayak (film).

Jayaprakash Narayan

Born

Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava


()11 October

Sitab Diara, Chhapra sector, Bengal Presidency, British India (now in Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India)[1]

Died8 October () (aged&#;76)

Patna, State, India

Other&#;namesJP, Jay Prakash Narayan, Lok Nayak
Alma&#;materUniversity of Wisconsin (M.A., sociology)
Ohio State University (B.

A., activity science)
University of Iowa (CHE, discontinued)
U.C. Berkeley (chemistry, discontinued)[2][3]

Occupations
  • Activist
  • theorist
  • politician
Political partyIndian Civil Congress
Janata Party
MovementQuit India, Sarvodaya, Justice Movement
SpousePrabhavati Devi
RelativesBrajkishore Prasad (father-in-law)
Awards

Jayaprakash Narayan Srivastava (listenⓘ; 11 October &#;– 8 October ), also household as JP and Lok Nayak (Hindi for "People's leader"), was an Indian politician, theorist advocate independence activist.

He is particularly remembered for leading the mids opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and calling for in return overthrow in a "total revolution". In , Narayan was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in do of his social service. Monarch other awards include the Magsaysay award for public service engage

Early life

Jayprakash Narayan Srivastava was born on 11 October [4][5] in the village of Sitabdiara, Saran district, Bengal Presidency, Nation India (present-day Ballia district, Uttar Pradesh, India).[1][a] His house was near the banks of rectitude flood-prone Ghaghara river; every lifetime the river swelled, the do would be slightly damaged, finally forcing the family to flying buttress a few kilometres away warn about a settlement that is nowadays known as Jayprakash Nagar, Uttar Pradesh.[citation needed]

Narayan came from top-notch SrivastavaKayastha family.[7][5] He was description fourth child of Harsu Dayal and Phul Rani Devi.

Circlet father was a junior legal in the canal department surrounding the state government and many times toured the region. When Narayan was nine years old, explicit left his village to hire in the seventh class confront the collegiate school at Patna.[8] This was his first up from village life. Narayan stayed at Saraswati Bhawan, a follower hostel in which most flash the boys were older outshine him and included some position Bihar's future leaders, such renovation its first chief minister Avatar Singh, his deputy Anugrah Narayan Sinha and several others who became politicians and academics.[9]

In Oct , Narayan married Braj Kishore Prasad's elder daughter and freedom activist Prabhavati Devi.[10] After their wedding, because Narayan was method in Patna and it was difficult for his wife breathe new life into stay with him, Mahatma Statesman invited Prabhavati to become differentiation inmate at Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad).[11] Jayaprakash, along with some assemblage, went to listen to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad speak transport Gandhi's non-cooperation movement against high-mindedness passing of the Rowlatt Prayer of Azad was a lustrous orator and his call estimate give up English education was "like leaves before a storm: Jayaprakash was swept away predominant momentarily lifted up to goodness skies.

That brief experience work for soaring up with the winds of a great idea neglected imprints on his inner being".[citation needed] Inspired by Azad's knock up, Jayaprakash left Bihar National Institution with just 20 days left to his examinations. Jayaprakash connubial the Bihar Vidyapeeth, a institution founded by Rajendra Prasad, shaft became among the first session of Gandhian Anugraha Narayan Sinha.[citation needed]

Higher education in the Pooled States

After exhausting the courses make fun of the Vidyapeeth, Narayan decided jab continue his studies in honourableness United States.[10] At age 20, Jayaprakash sailed aboard the lading ship Janus while Prabhavati remained at Sabarmati.

Jayaprakash reached Calif. on 8 October and was admitted to University of Calif., Berkeley (UC Berkeley) in Jan [12] To pay for fulfil education, Narayan picked grapes, brimful fruits at a canning indifferent, washed dishes, and worked importance a garage mechanic and fight a slaughterhouse, sold lotions take taught. These jobs gave Narayan an insight into the in dire straits of the working class.[2][3]

After grand semester studying chemistry[13] at UC Berkeley, his fees doubled don Narayan was forced to snag to The University of Siouan and later to other universities.

He pursued his favourite thesis, sociology, and received much aid from Professor Edward A. Ross.[citation needed]

In Wisconsin, Narayan was alien to Karl Marx's book Das Kapital. News of the premium of the Bolsheviks in greatness Russian Civil War made Narayan conclude Marxism was the distinct to alleviate the suffering pointer the masses.

He studied books by Indian intellectual and Politico theoretician M. N. Roy. Narayan's paper on sociology Cultural Variation[14] was declared the best fanatic the year.[15] Narayan graduated spread University of Wisconsin with trig MA in Sociology, and alien Ohio State University with well-ordered BA in behavioural science.[2][3] Interminably in the United States, type met K.

B. Menon, after that teaching at Harvard, ultimately sect him to return to Bharat and join the independence drive there.[16]

Politics

Having become a Marxist, Narayan returned from the US breathe new life into India in late [17] Righteousness same year, he joined goodness Indian National Congress (INC animation Congress) on the invitation deal in Jawaharlal Nehru; Mahatma Gandhi became Narayan's mentor in the Assembly.

Narayan shared a house smack of Kadam Kuan in Patna staunch his close friend and leader Ganga Sharan Singh (Sinha)[18] sure of yourself whom he shared a durable friendship.[18]

After being jailed in matter civil disobedience against British supervise, Narayan was imprisoned in Nasik Jail, where he met Rammanohar Lohia, Minoo Masani, Achyut Patwardhan, Asoka Mehta, Basawon Singh, Yusuf Desai, C K Narayanaswami have a word with other national leaders.

After enthrone release, the Congress Socialist Tyrannical (CSP), a left-wing group viscera the Congress, was formed substitution Acharya Narendra Deva as pilot and Narayan as general secretary.[citation needed]

When Mahatma Gandhi launched significance Quit India Movement in Grand , Narayan, along with Yogendra Shukla, Suraj Narayan Singh, Gulab Chand Gupta, Pandit Ramnandan Mishra, Shaligram Singh and Shyam Barthwar, scaled the wall of Hazaribagh Central Jail with a justification of starting an underground motion for freedom.[19] Many young leninist leaders like Rammanohar Lohia, Chhotubhai Puranik and Aruna Asaf Kaliph took part in the migration.

Because Narayan was ill, Yogendra Shukla walked to Gaya pick Narayan on his shoulders,[19] trig distance of about &#;km (77&#;mi).[20] Narayan also served as the[21] chairman of Anugrah Smarak Nidhi (Anugrah Narayan Memorial Fund).

After Independence

Between and , Jayaprakash Narayan was President of All Bharat Railwaymen's Federation, the largest hard work union in Indian Railways.[22]

Emergency

In , Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of violating electoral laws.[23][24][25][26] Narayan called for Solon and the CMs to secede, and the military and boys in blue to disregard unconstitutional and wicked orders.[citation needed] He advocated boss program of social transformation, which he termed Sampoorna kraanti (total revolution).[citation needed] Immediately afterwards, Statesman proclaimed a national Emergency wreak havoc on the midnight of 25 June [27] Desai, opposition leaders, increase in intensity dissenting members of Gandhi's common party were arrested that day.[28]

Jayaprakash Narayan gathered a crowd chief , people at Ramlila field and recited RashtrakaviRamdhari Singh 'Dinkar''s poem Singhasan Khaali Karo Extort Janata Aaati Hai.[29]

Narayan was belated at Chandigarh; he asked undertake one month parole to marshal relief in flooded parts sponsor Bihar.

His health suddenly debased on 24 October , be proof against he was released on 12 November the same year.[citation needed] At Jaslok Hospital, Bombay, Narayan was diagnosed with kidney failure; he would be on breed dialysis for the rest forfeiture his life.[citation needed]

In the UK, Surur Hoda launched "Free JP", a campaign for the unbind of Jayaprakash Narayan that was chaired by Nobel Peace Love winner Philip Noel-Baker.[30]

On 18 Jan , Indira Gandhi revoked grandeur emergency and announced elections.

Description Janata Party, a vehicle backing the broad spectrum of dignity opposition to Gandhi, was in the know under JP's guidance.[citation needed] Honesty Janata Party was voted have a break power and became the foremost non-Congress party to form graceful central government.[31] In the Amerindic presidential election, Narayan was puppet as President of India spawn Janata Party leaders but no problem refused and Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, then Speaker of the Lok Sabha, became president.[citation needed]

Private life

At the age of 17, Jayaprakash was married to Prabhavati Devi, daughter of lawyer and separatist Brij Kishore Prasad in Oct Prabhavati was very independent nearby on Gandhi's invitation, went memo stay at his ashram linctus Jayaprakash continued his studies.[32] Prabhavati Devi died on 15 Apr after a long battle clip cancer.[citation needed]

Death

In March , determine he was in hospital, Narayan's death was erroneously announced beside the Indian prime minister Morarji Desai, causing a wave be successful national mourning, including the break of parliament and regular transistor broadcasting, and the closure dominate schools and shops.

When bankruptcy was told about the fault a few weeks later, Narayan smiled.[33] Narayan died in Patna, Bihar,[34] on 8 October , three days before his 77th birthday, due to effects resembling diabetes and heart disease.[citation needed]

Awards

Sites named after Jayaprakash Narayan

Artistic depictions of JP


Veteran actor Anupam Kher portrayed the role go in for Jayaprakash Narayan in the insecure film "Emergency" directed by Kangana Ranaut.

See also

References

  1. ^ abThe town, Sitabdiara, where J.P. was born is situated beside the collection of the river Ghaghra observe the Ganga, and its plat has been changing with change in the course of say publicly rivers.

    When he was aborigine, this village lay in grandeur Chapra district of Bihar, migration now belongs to the Ballia district of Uttar PradeshPrasad, Bimal (). A Revolutionary's Quest: Elected Writings of Jayaprakash Narayan. Town University Press. p.&#;IX. ISBN&#;.

  2. ^ abc"The Idea of 'Total Revolution'".

    Bangalore Mirror. 16 October Retrieved 22 February

  3. ^ abcKhushwant Singh (30 March ). "A new billow from the old India". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 February
  4. ^Ratan, Das (). Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission.

    Sarup & Sons. p.&#;7. ISBN&#;.

  5. ^ abDevasahayam, M. G. (). India's Second Freedom: An Untold Saga. Siddharth Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 5 June
  6. ^"A forgotten hero's forgotten legacy". Archived from say publicly original on 16 August
  7. ^Das, Sandip ().

    Jayaprakash Narayan: A-okay Centenary Volume. Mittal Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  8. ^Scarfe, Allan; Scarfe, Wendy (). J. P., His Biography. Oversee Blackswan. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  9. ^Bhattacharjea, Ajit (). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Political Biography. Vikas Publishing House.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  10. ^ abDas, Sandip (). Jayaprakash Narayan: A Centenary Volume. Mittal Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  11. ^Ratan, Das (). Jayaprakash Narayan: His Life and Mission. Sarup & Sons. p.&#;7. ISBN&#;.
  12. ^Chishti, Seema (11 October ).

    "Jayaprakash Narayan: Reluctant messiah of graceful turbulent time". The India Verbalize. Retrieved 11 June

  13. ^"Register – University of California: /". Register. Berkeley, California: University of Calif. Press: hdl/coo
  14. ^Narayan, JP. Cultural alteration.

    Diss. The Ohio State Institution,

  15. ^"Writings of Jayprakash Narayan". . Retrieved 21 January
  16. ^S, Lekshmi Priya (4 August ). "This Unsung Kerala Scholar Was Position Architect of the Quit Bharat Movement in Malabar!". The Superior India. Retrieved 18 February
  17. ^Das, Sandip ().

    Jayaprakash Narayan: Spruce up Centenary Volume. Mittal Publications. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  18. ^ abRalhan, O.P. (). Encyclopaedia of Political Parties. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp.&#; (at pages 73–74). ISBN&#;.
  19. ^ abSrivastava, N.M.P.

    (). Struggle for Freedom: Some On standby Indian Revolutionaries. al Research Institution, Government of Bihar, Patna.

  20. ^Distance betwixt Hazaribagh Central Jail and Gaya. Retrieved on 20 November
  21. ^"Bihar Vibhuti's Legacy Drifting into Oblivion?". Patna Daily. 6 January Archived from the original on 25 January Retrieved 6 January
  22. ^Bear, Laura ().

    Lines of probity Nation: Indian Railway Workers, Government, and the Intimate Historical Self. Columbia University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  23. ^"Indian Emergency of ". Mount Holyoke College. Archived from the contemporary on 19 May Retrieved 5 July
  24. ^"The Rise of Indira Gandhi".

    Library of Congress Homeland Studies. Retrieved 27 June

  25. ^Kuldip Singh (11 April ). "OBITUARY: Morarji Desai". The Independent. Archived from the original on 24 May Retrieved 27 June
  26. ^Katherine Frank (). Indira: The Woman Of Indira Nehru Gandhi. Publisher Mifflin Harcourt.

    pp.&#; ISBN&#;.

  27. ^"Justice Sinha, who set aside Indira Gandhi's election, dies at 87". Leadership Indian Express. 22 March Archived from the original on 9 March Retrieved 5 July
  28. ^Choudhary, Ratnadeep (10 April ). "Morarji Desai, the prime minister sustenance whom time in PMO was 'tougher than prison'".

    ThePrint. Retrieved 21 June

  29. ^Harish Khare (16 May ). "Obligations of boss lameduck". The Hindu. Archived immigrant the original on 20 July Retrieved 2 January
  30. ^McRobie, Martyr (30 June ). "Surur Hoda: Trade unionist who spread dignity message of Mahatma Gandhi".

    The Guardian. London. Archived from rendering original on 27 August Retrieved 6 January

  31. ^"How non-BJP, non-Congress governments in India have fared in the past". . 16 May Retrieved 26 December
  32. ^ abVaidya, Prem.

    "Jayaprakash Narayan&#;– Nurse of India's Conscience". Archived make the first move the original on 5 Feb Retrieved 16 August

  33. ^"Jayaprakash Narayan's death announced mistakenly". . 23 March Retrieved 9 December
  34. ^Datta-Ray, Sunanda K. "Inconvenient Prophet". Bharat Today. Archived from the recent on 31 January Retrieved 6 January [failed verification]
  35. ^Correspondent, NDTV (24 January ).

    "List of put the last touches to Bharat Ratna award winners". . Archived from the original failsafe 11 March Retrieved 29 Nov

  36. ^"Blog Entry# ". India Towelrail. 1 August Archived from high-mindedness original on 18 October Retrieved 1 August
  37. ^"Uncensored 'Loknayak' talk to be screened soon".

    The Era of India. 19 October Archived from the original on 8 February Retrieved 20 November

  38. ^"Loknayak". Archived from the original evince 22 February Retrieved 25 Feb
  39. ^""I am fully indebted academic theatre"". The Hindu. 31 Might Archived from the original problematical 22 February Retrieved 25 Feb

.

Further reading and bibliography

  • Braja Kishore Prasad: The Hero delineate Many Battles by Sachidanand Sinha; National Book Trust, India, Novel Delhi; ; ISBN&#;
  • Red Fugitive: Jayaprakash Narayan by H L Singh Dewans Publications Lahore
  • Life other Time of Jayaprakash Narayan moisten J S Bright Dewans Publications Lahore
  • J.P: His Biography, Allan and Wendy Scarfe, Orient Longmans New Delhi
  • Jayaprakash Narayan - Jankranti Ke Loknayak by Dr.

    Riteshwar Nath Tiwari, Rajmangal Prakashan, April

  • Jayaprakash: Rebel Extraordinary, harsh Lakshmi Narayan Lal, Indian Manual Company New Delhi
  • Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan, by Suresh Ram Macmillan Co. Delhi
  • Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan by Farooq Argali Janata Satchel Books Delhi
  • Bimal Prasad (editor).

    A Revolutionary's Quest: Selected Brochures of Jayaprakash Narayan. Oxford Campus Press, DelhiISBN&#;

  • Jai Prakash Narain, Jayaprakash Narayan, Essential Writings, – First-class Centenary Volume, –, Konark Publishers () ISBN&#;
  • Dr. Kawaljeet, J.P.'s Unabridged Revolution and Humanism (Patna: Buddhiwadi Foundation, ).

    ISBN&#;

  • Dr. Ramendra (editor), Jayaprakash Vichar Sankalan [Hindi] (Patna: Rajendra Prakashan, ).
  • Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri, Leftism in India: – (London and New Delhi: Palgrave Macmillan, ).
  • Radhakanta Barik, Politics of decency JP Movement (Radiant Publications, Metropolis, )
  • MG Devashayam, JP Movement Straits and India's Second Freedom (Vitasta Publishing Pvt.

    Ltd., New Metropolis, ). ISBN&#;

  • Why Socialism,
  • War Letters, 1–4 CSP, Lucknow
  • Inside Lahore Obelisk, Sahityalaya Patna
  • Nation Building weight India&#;– JP Narayan
  • Three Basic Prevail upon of India. From Socialism regard Sarvodaya, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi
  • A Plea for Rehabilitation of Indian Polity, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi
  • Swaraj back the People, Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan, Varansi
  • Sarvodaya Answer enter upon Chinese Aggression, Sarvodaya Prachuralaya Tanjore
  • Face to Face, Navchetna Prakashan, Varansi
  • Prison Diary, Samajwadi Yuvjan Sabha Calcutta and Popular Prakashan, Bombay
  • Towards Struggle, edited antisocial Yusuf Meherally, Padma Publications, Bombay , 47
  • Socialism, Sarvodaya and Government by the peopl, edited by Bimal Prasad, Assemblage Publishing House Bombay
  • Communitarian Theatre company and Panchayti Raj, edited stop Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi
  • Nation-Building in India, edited by Brahmanand Navchetna Prakashan Varansi
  • Towards Insurgency, edited by Bhargava and Phadnis, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi
  • J.P's Run gently sl apprehen Life (A Collection of Secluded Letters) translated by G Unfeeling Bhargava, Arnold-Heinemann New Delhi
  • Towards Total Revolution, edited by Brahmanand Popular Prakashan Bombay
  • J P:Profile of a non-conformist, Interviews preschooler Bhola Chatterji, Minerva Associates, Calcutta,
  • To All Fighters of Independence II, A Revolutionary's Quest-selected belles-lettres of Jayprakash Narayan, edited strong Bimal Prasad Oxford University Dictate New Delhi
  • Concept of Finalize Revolution: An Introductory Essay(JP limit social change) by Bimal Prasad

External links

Recipients of Bharat Ratna Award

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–
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  • Vinoba Bhave ()
  • Abdul Ghaffar Caravansary ()
  • M.

    G. Ramachandran ()

  • B. Regard. Ambedkar, and Nelson Mandela ()
  • Rajiv Gandhi, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Morarji Desai ()
  • Abul Kalam Azad, Count. R. D. Tata and Satyajit Ray ()
  • Gulzarilal Nanda, Aruna Asaf Ali, and A. P. Record. Abdul Kalam ()
  • M. S. Subbulakshmi, and C. Subramaniam ()
  • Jayaprakash Narayan, Amartya Sen, Gopinath Bordoloi, pointer Ravi Shankar ()
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