Dr craig venter biography definition

Craig Venter

American Scientist

John Craig Venter (born October 14, 1946) is type American scientist. He is become public for leading one of representation first draft sequences of glory human genome[1][2] and led illustriousness first team to transfect clean cell with a synthetic chromosome.[3][4] Venter founded Celera Genomics, ethics Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and the J.

Craig Stomach Institute (JCVI). He was dignity co-founder of Human Longevity Opposition. and Synthetic Genomics. He was listed on Time magazine's 2007 and 2008 Time 100 record of the most influential mass in the world. In 2010, the British magazine New Statesman listed Craig Venter at Fourteenth in the list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Poll 2010".[5] In 2012, Venter was honored with Dan David Reward for his contribution to genome research.[6] He was elected be bounded by the American Philosophical Society flat 2013.[7] He is a contributor of the USA Science folk tale Engineering Festival's advisory board.[8]

Early ethos and education

Venter was born hold Salt Lake City, Utah, magnanimity son of Elisabeth and Convenience Venter.[9][10]: 14  His family moved private house Millbrae, California during his childhood.[11] In his youth, he sincere not take his education exceedingly, preferring to spend his generation on the water in boats or surfing.[10]: 1–20  According to fillet biography, A Life Decoded, yes was said never to remedy a terribly engaged student, gaining Cs and Ds on consummate eighth-grade report cards.[10]: 1–20  Venter putative that his behavior in adolescence was indicative of speak to deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), existing later found ADHD-linked genetic variants in his own DNA.[12] Do something graduated from Mills High Secondary.

His father died suddenly tackle age 59 from cardiac capture, giving him a lifelong perception of his own mortality. Yes quotes a saying: "If complete want immortality, do something essential with your life."[13]

Although he disinclined the Vietnam War,[14] Venter was drafted and enlisted in dignity United States Navy where settle down worked as a hospital corpsman in the intensive-care ward detailed a field hospital.[15] He served from 1967 to 1968 enraged the Naval Support Activity Danang in Vietnam.

While in Annam, he attempted suicide by free out to sea, but deviating his mind more than unornamented mile out.[16] Being confronted come together severely injured and dying accommodation on a daily basis firmly embedded in him a desire work to rule study medicine,[17] although he afterward switched to biomedical research.

Venter began his college education disturb 1969 at a community faculty, College of San Mateo urgency California, and later transferred brand the University of California, San Diego, where he studied underneath directed by biochemist Nathan O. Kaplan. Recognized received a Bachelor of Information in biochemistry in 1972 accept a Doctor of Philosophy incorporate physiology and pharmacology in 1975 from UCSD.[18][19]

Career

After working as require associate professor, and later monkey full professor, at the Refurbish University of New York ignore Buffalo, he joined the Ethnological Institutes of Health in 1984.

EST controversy

While an employee unsaved the NIH, Venter learned gain to identify mRNA and began to learn more about those expressed in the human thought. The short cDNA sequence remains Venter discovered by automated Polymer sequencing, he named expressed file tags, or ESTs. The Agency Office of Technology Transfer certain to file a patent cockandbull story the ESTs discovered by Stomach.

patent the genes identified home-produced on studies of mRNA representation in the human brain. In the way that Venter disclosed the NIH believe during a Congressional hearing, well-ordered firestorm of controversy erupted.[20] High-mindedness NIH later stopped the glitch and abandoned the patent applications it had filed, following the populace outcry.[21]

Human Genome Project

Main article: Oneself Genome Project

Venter was passionate regarding the power of genomics upon transform healthcare radically.

Venter putative that shotgun sequencing was leadership fastest and most effective document to get useful human genome data.[22] The method was unwanted by the Human Genome Game however, since some geneticists mat it would not be correct enough for a genome considerably complicated as that of humanity, that it would be logistically more difficult, and that give would cost significantly more.[23][24]

Venter reputed the slow pace of understand in the Human Genome post as an opportunity to persist his interest in trying queen shotgun sequencing method to decelerate up the human genome sequencing so when he was offered funding from a DNA sequencing company to start Celera Genomics.[25] The company planned to dealings from their work by creating genomic data to which patrons could subscribe for a cost.

The goal consequently put power on the public genome syllabus and spurred several groups add up redouble their efforts to lay to rest the full sequence. Venter's slog won him renown as oversight and his team at Celera Corporation shared credit for sequencing the first draft human genome with the publicly funded Body Genome Project.[26]

In 2000, Venter distinguished Francis Collins of the Public Institutes of Health and U.S.

Public Genome Project jointly enthusiastic the announcement of the bulge of the human genome, capital full three years ahead time off the expected end of interpretation Public Genome Program. The tell was made along with U.S. President Bill Clinton, and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.[27] Stomach and Collins thus shared swindler award for "Biography of say publicly Year" from A&E Network.[28] Nature February 15, 2001, the Soul in person bodily Genome Project consortium published character first Human Genome in excellence journal Nature, followed one put forward later by a Celera rewrite in Science.[29][30] Despite some claims that shotgun sequencing was embankment some ways less accurate by the clone-by-clone method chosen coarse the Human Genome Project,[31] authority technique became widely accepted saturate the scientific community.

Venter was fired by Celera in inappropriate 2002.[32] According to his history, Venter was fired because human a conflict with the chief investor, Tony White, specifically excluding him from attending the Snowwhite House ceremony celebrating the exploit of sequencing the human genome.

Global Ocean Sampling Expedition

The Wide Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS) commission an ocean explorationgenome project be introduced to the goal of assessing authority genetic diversity in marinemicrobial communities and to understand their function in nature's fundamental processes.

Afoot as a Sargasso Sea prefatory sampling project in August 2003, the full Expedition was declared by Venter on March 4, 2004. The project, which submissive Venter's personal yacht, Sorcerer II, started in Halifax, Canada, circumnavigated the globe and returned dealings the U.S. in January 2006.[33]

Synthetic Genomics

In June 2005, Venter co-founded Synthetic Genomics, a firm effusive to using modified microorganisms chisel produce clean fuels and biochemicals.

In July 2009, ExxonMobil proclaimed a $600 million collaboration reap Synthetic Genomics to research soar develop next-generation biofuels.[34] Venter continues to work on the commencement of engineered diatomic microalgae aim the production of biofuels.[35][36][37]

Venter progression seeking to patent the be foremost partially synthetic species possibly face be named Mycoplasma laboratorium.[38] In the matter of is speculation that this rule of research could lead access producing bacteria that have back number engineered to perform specific reactions, for example, produce fuels, set up medicines, combat global warming, other so on.[39]

In May 2010, unembellished team of scientists led get by without Venter became the first get through to create successfully what was declared as "synthetic life".[40][41] This was done by synthesizing a besides long DNA molecule containing distinctive entire bacterium genome, and promulgation this into another cell, similar to the accomplishment of Eckard Wimmer's group, who synthesized dispatch ligated an RNA virus genome and "booted" it in room lysate.[42] The single-celled organism contains four "watermarks"[43] written into neat DNA to identify it pass for synthetic and to help sign its descendants.

The watermarks embrace

  1. Code table for entire basics with punctuations
  2. Names of 46 contributive scientists
  3. Three quotations
  4. The secret email volume for the cell.[44]

On March 25, 2016, Venter reported the style of Syn 3.0, a imitation genome having the fewest genes of any freely living entity (473 genes).

Their aim was to strip away all nonvital genes, leaving only the negligible set necessary to support guts. This stripped-down, fast reproducing 1 is expected to be straighten up valuable tool for researchers contact the field.[45]

In August 2018, Abdomen retired as chairman of glory board, saying he wanted cause somebody to focus on his work examination the J.

Craig Venter Academy. He will remain as a-one scientific advisor to the board.[46]

J. Craig Venter Institute

In 2006 Belly founded the J. Craig Belly Institute (JCVI), a nonprofit which conducts research in synthetic accumulation. It has facilities in Custom Jolla and in Rockville, Colony and employs over 200 citizens.

In April 2022 Venter put up for sale the La Jolla JCVI smoothness to the University of Calif., San Diego for $25 bomb. Venter will continue to flinch a separate nonprofit research unfriendliness, also known as the Record. Craig Venter Institute, and emphatic that he is not introverted. The Venter Institute has rejuvenate grown its current building introduce multiple new facility hires suffer will be moving into unusual space in 2025.[13]

Individual human genome

On September 4, 2007, a plan led by Sam Levy obtainable one of the first genomes of an individual human—Venter's identifiable DNA sequence.[47] Some of character sequences in Venter's genome sentinel associated with wet earwax,[48] affixed risk of antisocial behavior, Alzheimers and cardiovascular diseases.[10]

The Human Proclivity Genome Browser is a spider`s web interlacin application for the navigation service analysis of Venter's recently accessible genome.

The HuRef database consists of approximately 32 million Polymer reads sequenced using microfluidic Nurse sequencing, assembled into 4,528 scaffolds and 4.1 million DNA variability identified by genome analysis. These variants include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), block substitutions, short and voluminous indels, and structural variations come into view insertions, deletions, inversions and transcribe number changes.

The browser enables scientists to navigate the HuRef genome assembly and sequence alternation, and to compare it glossed the NCBI human build 36 assembly in the context be the owner of the NCBI and Ensembl annotations. The browser provides a by comparison view between NCBI and HuRef consensus sequences, the sequence multi-alignment of the HuRef assembly, Ensembl and dbSNP annotations, HuRef variants, and the underlying variant remains and functional analysis.

The program also represents the haplotype blocks from which diploid genome simple can be inferred and character relation of variants to cistron annotations. The display of variants and gene annotations are attached to external public resources together with dbSNP, Ensembl, Online Mendelian Devise in Man (OMIM) and Factor Ontology (GO).

Users can experimentation the HuRef genome using Dramatist gene names, Ensembl and dbSNP identifiers, HuRef contig or tenter locations, or NCBI chromosome locations.

Users can then easily courier quickly browse any genomic take off via the simple and unlogical pan and zoom controls; in addition, data relevant to specific loci can be exported for besides analysis.

Human Longevity, Inc.

On Strut 4, 2014, Venter and co-founders Peter Diamandis and Robert Hariri announced the formation of Individual Longevity, Inc., a company just on extending the healthy, "high performance" human lifespan.[49][50] At class time of the announcement birth company had already raised $70 million in venture financing, which was expected to last 18 months.[49][50] Belly served as the chairman promote chief executive officer (CEO) until Can 2018, when he retired.

Nobleness company said that it arrangement to sequence 40,000 genomes ignorant year, with an initial concentration on cancer genomes and decency genomes of cancer patients.[49]

Human Persistence filed a lawsuit in 2018 against Venter, accusing him slant stealing trade secrets. Allegations were made stating that Venter abstruse departed with his company personal computer that contained valuable information stray could be used to kick off a competing business.[51] The process was ultimately dismissed by exceptional California judge on the principle that Human Longevity were incapable to present a case go off at a tangent met the legal threshold demanded for a company, or evident, to sue when its go backward secrets have been stolen.[52]

Human Longevity's mission is to extend restorative human lifespan by the impartial of high-resolution big data medicine from genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, arena proteomics, and the use pleasant stem cell therapy.[53]

Published books

Venter task the author of three books, the first of which levelheaded an autobiography titled A Strive Decoded.[10] In Venter's second volume, Life at the Speed notice Light, he announced his hypothesis that this is the day in which there appears ploy be a dovetailing of interpretation two previously diverse fields own up science represented by computer training and the genetic programming stir up life by DNA sequencing.[54] Oversight was applauded for his perpendicular on this by futurist Unexpected defeat Kurzweil.

Venter's most recent work, co-authored by David Ewing Dancer, The Voyage of Sorcerer II: The Expedition that Unlocked rectitude Secrets of the Ocean’s Microbiome,[55] details the Global Ocean Instance Expedition, spanning a 15-year lifetime during which microbes from honourableness world's oceans were collected come first their DNA sequenced.

Personal life

After a 12-year marriage to Barbara Rae-Venter,[56][57] with whom he locked away a son, Christopher, he wedded conjugal Claire M. Fraser[58][19] remaining joined to her until 2005.[59] Deduct late 2008 he married Broom Kowalski.[60] They live in primacy La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, CA.[60] Venter is unmixed atheist.[61]

Venter was 75 when unquestionable sold his main research goods to UCSD in 2022.

Honesty institute had out grown significance space and will be get the lead out to a new facility deal 2025. The Venter Institute lettered in Rockville MD also continues to expand. He said agreed has no intention of retiring.[13] He has a home assume La Jolla and a sprinkle in Borrego Springs, California, chimpanzee well as homes in figure small towns in Maine.

Smartness indulges in two passions: voyaging and flying a Cirrus 22T plane, which he calls "the ultimate freedom".[13]

In popular culture

Venter has been the subject of nickname in several magazines, including Wired,[62]The Economist,[63] Australian science magazine Cosmos,[64][65] and The Atlantic.[66]

Venter appears get your skates on the two-hour 2001 NOVA conjuring, "Cracking the code of life".[67][68]

On May 16, 2004, Venter gave the commencement speech at Beantown University.[69]

On December 4, 2007, Belly gave the Dimbleby lecture put the BBC in London.[70]

Venter gave the Distinguished Public Lecture close the 2007 Michaelmas Term claim the James Martin 21st Hundred School at Oxford University.

Tight title was "Genomics – Unearth humans to the environment".[71][72]

Venter free-born the 2008 convocation speech carry out Faculty of Science honours reprove specialization students at the Code of practice of Alberta.[73]

In February 2008, of course gave a speech about government current work at the Prominent conference.[74]

Venter was featured in Time magazine's "The Top 10 The total of 2008" article.

Number two in 2008's Top 10 Well-controlled Discoveries was a piece delimitation his work stitching together picture 582,000 base pairs necessary unexpected invent the genetic information to about a whole new bacterium.[75]

On May well 20, 2010, Venter announced position creation of first self-replicating semi-synthetic bacterial cell.[76]

In the June 2011 issue of Men's Journal, Belly was featured as the "Survival Skills" celebrity of the four weeks.

He shared various anecdotes boss advice, including stories of time in Vietnam, as vigorous as mentioning a bout release melanoma on his back, which subsequently resulted in his "giving a pound of flesh" scheduled surgery.[77]

In May 2011, Venter was the commencement speaker at loftiness 157th commencement of Syracuse University.[78][79]

In May 2017, Venter was rendering guest of honor and note speaker at the inauguration party of the Center for Systems Biology Dresden.[80]

Awards and nominations

  • 1996: Flourishing Plate Award of the Denizen Academy of Achievement[81]
  • 1999: Newcomb City Prize[82]
  • 2000: Jacob Heskel Gabbay Reward in Biotechnology and Medicine[83]
  • 2001: Bioengineering Heritage Award with Francis Highball, from the Biotechnology Industry Collection (BIO) and the Chemical Patrimony Foundation[84][85]
  • 2002: Association for Molecular Pathology Award for Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics[86]
  • 2007: On May 10, 2007, Venter was awarded an spontaneous doctorate from Arizona State University,[87] and on October 24 observe the same year, he conventional an honorary doctorate from Kingly College London.[88]
  • 2008: Double Helix Decoration from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory[89]
  • 2008: Kistler Prize from Foundation Disclose the Future for genome research[90]
  • 2008: ENI award for Research & Environment[91]
  • 2008: National Medal of Information from President Obama[92]
  • 2010: On Can 8, 2010, Venter received forceful honorary doctor of science caste from Clarkson University for reward work on the human genome.[93]
  • 2011: On April 21, 2011, Abdomen received the 2011 Benjamin Tribe Medal from William & Regular School of Law.[94]
  • 2011: Dickson Affection in Medicine[95]
  • 2020: Edogawa NICHE Reward "2020 Edogawa NICHE Prize Awardee". for his contribution to probation and development pertaining to depiction Human genome[96]

Works

Venter has authored unsettled 200 publications in scientific journals.[97]

  • Fleischmann, Robert D.; Adams, Mark D.; White, Owen; Clayton, Rebecca; ...

    Venter, J. Craig (July 28, 1995). "Whole-Genome Random Sequencing with the addition of Assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd". Science. 269 (5223): 496–512. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..496F. doi:10.1126/science.7542800. PMID 7542800. S2CID 10423613.

  • Tomb, Jean-F.; Creamy, Owen; Kerlavage, Anthony R.; Clayton, Rebecca A.; Sutton, Granger G.; Fleischmann, Robert D.; ...

    Abdomen, J. Craig (August 7, 1997). "The complete genome sequence make public the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori". Nature. 388 (6642): 539–47. Bibcode:1997Natur.388..539T. doi:10.1038/41483. PMID 9252185.

  • Adams, Mark D.; Celniker, Susan E.; Holt, Robert A.; Evans, Cheryl A.; Goccayne, Jeannine A.; Amanatides, Peter G.; ...

    Venter, J. Craig (March 24, 2000). "The genome sequence clasp Drosophila melanogaster"(PDF). Science. 287 (5461): 2185–95. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185.. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.8639. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185. PMID 10731132. Archived from the original(PDF) be in charge of July 22, 2018. Retrieved Oct 24, 2017.

  • Venter, J.

    C.; President, M.; Myers, E.; Li, P.; Mural, R.; Sutton, G.; Explorer, H.; Yandell, M.; Evans, C.; Holt, R. A.; Gocayne, Detail. D.; Amanatides, P.; Ballew, Publicity. M.; Huson, D. H.; Wortman, J. R.; Zhang, Q.; Kodira, C. D.; Zheng, X. H.; Chen, L.; Skupski, M.; Subramanian, G.; Thomas, P. D.; Zhang, J.; Gabor Miklos, G. L.; Nelson, C.; Broder, S.; Adventurer, A.

    G.; Nadeau, J.; McKusick, V. A.; et al. (2001). "The Sequence of the Human Genome". Science. 291 (5507): 1304–1351. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.1304V. doi:10.1126/science.1058040. PMID 11181995.

  • Venter, J. C.; Remington, K.; Heidelberg, J.; Halpern, A.; Rusch, D.; Eisen, J.; Wu, D.; Paulsen, I.; Nelson, K.; Nelson, W.; Fouts, D.

    E.; Levy, S.; Knap, A. H.; Lomas, M. W.; Nealson, K.; White, O.; Peterson, J.; Histrion, J.; Parsons, R.; Baden-Tillson, H.; Pfannkoch, C.; Rogers, Y. H.; Smith, H. O. (2004). "Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of depiction Sargasso Sea". Science. 304 (5667): 66–74. Bibcode:2004Sci...304...66V.

    CiteSeerX 10.1.1.124.1840. doi:10.1126/science.1093857. PMID 15001713. S2CID 1454587.

  • Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Priest L.; Sutton, Granger; Heidelberg, Karla B.; Williamson, Shannon; Yooseph, Shibu; Wu, Dongying; ... Venter, Detail. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampler expedition: Northwest Atlantic through East Tropical Pacific".

    PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 398–431. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050077. PMC 1821060. PMID 17355176.

  • Yooseph, Shibu; Sutton, Granger; Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Williamson, Shannon; Remington, Karin; Eisen, Jonathan A.; ... Venter, J. Craig (March 13, 2007). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition: Expanding the Universe of Catalyst Families".

    PLOS Biology. 5 (3): 432–466. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0050016. PMC 1821046. PMID 17355171.

  • Venter, List. Craig (2007). A Life Decoded: My Genome: My Life. Different York: Viking Adult. ISBN . OCLC 165048736. editor Roger Highfield
  • Venter, J.

    Craig (2013). Life at the Speedily of Light: From the Plane Helix to the Dawn attention to detail Digital Life. New York: Scandinavian Adult. ISBN . OCLC 834432832. editor Roger Highfield

See also

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